Nethermind

trace debug evm nethermind

Author

Andrew Davis

Published January 21, 2026 at 07:48 AM UTC

• Total transactions analyzed: 500
• nethermind successful traces: 500 (100%)

This report documents differences in debug_traceTransaction output from nethermind compared to the majority behavior of other clients (besu, geth, erigon, reth).

Missing Keys

nethermind omits these keys that other clients include:

refund (763,508 occurrences)

returnData (385,340 occurrences)

reason (11 occurrences)

Extra Keys (Present When Others Omit)

nethermind includes these keys that other clients omit:

storage (470,345 occurrences)

memory (8,615 occurrences)

Value Mismatches

nethermind returns different values for these keys:

storage (1,673 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 884):

• Difference: missing keys: ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 993):

• Difference: missing keys: 6a23b495c397abd2ae3dbcbcb685b0dde8201a017a43b2855ca4bfc72f7820df

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 1028):

• Difference: missing keys: 833e8a6ac5920f2827d5f3263f2ef0f1f9c1191f2f72ae2e3c18b4e8e9cf98b8

Top-Level gas Differences

nethermind reports different gas values at the top level:

• Occurrences: 3

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x30f3ade72365691d12f1060528afceefdca23c35e8f4689b7e45704e1a3c9e98):

• nethermind: 0
• Majority (erigon, reth, geth): 226504

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0xb243519321267570bf16051695da7c426ea646aefa6a1a52a7e33e5c6a463908):

• nethermind: 0
• Majority (erigon, geth, reth, besu): 24439

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x664d5705f6e4716fafc9258417f2b80eea42ff40d00d047c36321cc3223ec793):

• nethermind: 0
• Majority (erigon, besu, reth, geth): 156906

Format Quirks (Not Bugs)

These are formatting differences that don't affect trace correctness:

returnValue Encoding

How empty return values are represented. These are semantically equivalent.

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0xbe3839523703cc914573c2a304367bff26fd6d08738389fc8d2bf857cdf3391c):

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa):

Memory Format

How memory words are formatted in structLogs.

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa):

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x3ca0e49a00a58f59250ac5908be6516d6a98fe4dc5f8647060c2b937afff2513):

Optional Fields

Fields this client includes that others may omit.

error (1,524,536 occurrences)

Includes error: null on every step (others omit when no error)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

storage (1,052,519 occurrences)

Includes storage: {} on every step (others omit when empty)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):