Home 2026 Jan Ethereum Client Trace Comparisons Besu

Besu

trace debug evm besu
Author
Andrew Davis Andrew Davis
Published January 21, 2026 at 07:48 AM UTC
  • Total transactions analyzed: 500
  • besu successful traces: 500 (100%)

This report documents differences in debug_traceTransaction output from besu compared to the majority behavior of other clients (geth, erigon, nethermind, reth).

Missing Keys

besu omits these keys that other clients include:

refund (763,508 occurrences)

Opcode Count
PUSH1 83,102
PUSH2 77,946
JUMPDEST 48,460
POP 44,501
JUMPI 38,709
SWAP1 36,813
DUP2 33,659
DUP1 31,262
ADD 30,505
JUMP 26,377
DUP3 22,811
MSTORE 21,059
ISZERO 21,033
MLOAD 20,467
AND 18,759

returnData (385,340 occurrences)

Opcode Count
PUSH2 41,005
PUSH1 38,349
POP 28,335
JUMPDEST 24,199
DUP2 19,470
SWAP1 18,588
ADD 18,379
JUMPI 16,923
MLOAD 15,668
DUP3 13,714
JUMP 13,567
DUP1 12,977
MSTORE 11,234
ISZERO 11,177
SWAP2 9,529

memory (6,451 occurrences)

Opcode Count
PUSH1 4,411
DUP1 240
PUSH2 212
JUMPI 160
CALLDATALOAD 119
JUMPDEST 105
MSTORE 90
DUP2 88
PUSH0 87
SHR 83
ADD 76
EQ 69
PUSH20 53
PUSH4 52
XOR 52

storage (4,460 occurrences)

Opcode Count
SLOAD 4,406
SSTORE 54

Extra Keys (Present When Others Omit)

besu includes these keys that other clients omit:

storage (465,885 occurrences)

Opcode Count
PUSH1 52,711
PUSH2 43,254
POP 32,613
JUMPDEST 28,478
SWAP1 24,708
DUP2 21,551
ADD 18,977
JUMPI 17,880
MLOAD 16,535
DUP3 16,257
JUMP 15,519
DUP1 15,215
MSTORE 14,375
ISZERO 13,769
AND 13,172

memory (2,164 occurrences)

Opcode Count
MSTORE 1,927
PUSH1 127
CALLDATACOPY 59
CODECOPY 51

reason (11 occurrences)

Opcode Count
REVERT 11

Type Mismatches

besu returns different types for these keys:

stack (801 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40621):

  • besu: bytes_array
  • Others: list

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x8fc0a88209d79a978783a3ac07cc93ff0fc2649e4e09faa75127f697d8b00274, index 112):

  • besu: bytes_array
  • Others: list

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0xedf8e4ea8875423f44e41d518671562fbdfc57ca32b5dffd047c35ff78b80344, index 13918):

  • besu: bytes_array
  • Others: list

op (5,409 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40670):

  • besu: string
  • Others: hex_string

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40671):

  • besu: hex_string
  • Others: string

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40673):

  • besu: string
  • Others: hex_string

error (1 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x664d5705f6e4716fafc9258417f2b80eea42ff40d00d047c36321cc3223ec793, index 7168):

  • besu: list
  • Others: string

Value Mismatches

besu returns different values for these keys:

gas (516,808 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 2810):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 539701
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 536901

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 2811):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 539698
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 536898

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 2812):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 539695
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 536895

pc (69,677 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40621):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 0
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 14116

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40622):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 14116
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 14117

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40623):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 14117
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 14118

stack (65,771 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 3029):

  • Difference: item[48] differs: 0x8cefb vs 0x8c40b
Client Value
besu ['0xf2c42696', '0x15a', '0x19afd', '0x24', '0x104', '0x3', '0x0', '0xf2b', '0x19afd', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x24', '0x104', '0x3', '0x58b271b364b9', '0x697082d8', '0x80', '0x320', '0x0', '0x0', '0x0', '0x63f', '0x80', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x963080', '0x0', '0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x0', '0x214b', '0x80', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x963080', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x2', '0x81b320', '0x1', '0x3314', '0x80', '0x1', '0x81b320', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x484', '0x20', '0x0', '0x24', '0x484', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x8cefb']
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) ['0xf2c42696', '0x15a', '0x19afd', '0x24', '0x104', '0x3', '0x0', '0xf2b', '0x19afd', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x24', '0x104', '0x3', '0x58b271b364b9', '0x697082d8', '0x80', '0x320', '0x0', '0x0', '0x0', '0x63f', '0x80', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x963080', '0x0', '0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x0', '0x214b', '0x80', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x963080', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x2', '0x81b320', '0x1', '0x3314', '0x80', '0x1', '0x81b320', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x484', '0x20', '0x0', '0x24', '0x484', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x8c40b']

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 3151):

  • Difference: item[9] differs: 0x8a8db vs 0x89e17
Client Value
besu ['0x70a08231', '0x75', '0x211', '0x43506849d7c04f9138d1a2050bbf3a0c054402dd', '0x0', '0x0', '0x24', '0x0', '0x43506849d7c04f9138d1a2050bbf3a0c054402dd', '0x8a8db']
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) ['0x70a08231', '0x75', '0x211', '0x43506849d7c04f9138d1a2050bbf3a0c054402dd', '0x0', '0x0', '0x24', '0x0', '0x43506849d7c04f9138d1a2050bbf3a0c054402dd', '0x89e17']

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 3389):

  • Difference: item[59] differs: 0x8c7ee vs 0x8bcfe
Client Value
besu ['0xf2c42696', '0x15a', '0x19afd', '0x24', '0x104', '0x3', '0x0', '0xf2b', '0x19afd', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x24', '0x104', '0x3', '0x58b271b364b9', '0x697082d8', '0x80', '0x320', '0x0', '0x0', '0x0', '0x63f', '0x80', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x963080', '0x0', '0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x0', '0x214b', '0x80', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x963080', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x2', '0x81b320', '0x1', '0x3314', '0x80', '0x1', '0x81b320', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x1499d', '0x0', '0x0', '0x81b320', '0x1499d', '0x2cffed5d56eb6a17662756ca0fdf350e732c9818', '0x32fd', '0x1499d', '0x2cffed5d56eb6a17662756ca0fdf350e732c9818', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x4a8', '0x20', '0x0', '0x44', '0x4a8', '0x0', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x8c7ee']
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) ['0xf2c42696', '0x15a', '0x19afd', '0x24', '0x104', '0x3', '0x0', '0xf2b', '0x19afd', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x24', '0x104', '0x3', '0x58b271b364b9', '0x697082d8', '0x80', '0x320', '0x0', '0x0', '0x0', '0x63f', '0x80', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x963080', '0x0', '0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x0', '0x214b', '0x80', '0x60b14aeb5ef438e37c594427c9e51a04da933f77', '0x963080', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x2', '0x81b320', '0x1', '0x3314', '0x80', '0x1', '0x81b320', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x1499d', '0x0', '0x0', '0x81b320', '0x1499d', '0x2cffed5d56eb6a17662756ca0fdf350e732c9818', '0x32fd', '0x1499d', '0x2cffed5d56eb6a17662756ca0fdf350e732c9818', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x4a8', '0x20', '0x0', '0x44', '0x4a8', '0x0', '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48', '0x8bcfe']

op (59,126 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40621):

  • Difference: string length differs (4 vs 5)
Client Value
besu STOP
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) SWAP3

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40622):

  • Difference: string length differs (5 vs 3)
Client Value
besu SWAP3
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) POP

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40625):

  • Difference: string length differs (3 vs 14)
Client Value
besu POP
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) RETURNDATASIZE

memory (36,671 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 511):

  • Difference: list length differs (6 vs 3)
Client Value
besu ['0x0', '0x0', '0x80', '0x0', '0x0', '0x23b872dd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000']
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) ['0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080']

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 523):

  • Difference: list length differs (7 vs 6)
Client Value
besu ['0x0', '0x0', '0x80', '0x0', '0x0', '0x23b872dd0000000000000000000000001880bbe18f847e579f512b7a398ab65c', '0x7510d7f800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000']
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) ['0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '23b872dd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000']

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 531):

  • Difference: list length differs (8 vs 7)
Client Value
besu ['0x0', '0x0', '0x80', '0x0', '0x0', '0x23b872dd0000000000000000000000001880bbe18f847e579f512b7a398ab65c', '0x7510d7f8000000000000000000000000b92fe925dc43a0ecde6c8b1a2709c170', '0xec4fff4f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000']
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) ['0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '23b872dd0000000000000000000000001880bbe18f847e579f512b7a398ab65c', '7510d7f800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000']

gasCost (30,766 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 2809):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 100
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 2900

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 3029):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 568257
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 565501

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 3151):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 558650
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 555937

storage (1,668 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 884):

  • Difference: key ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431 differs
Client Value
besu {"ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431": "0"}
Majority (erigon, reth, geth) {"ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"}

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 993):

  • Difference: key ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431 differs
Client Value
besu {"6a23b495c397abd2ae3dbcbcb685b0dde8201a017a43b2855ca4bfc72f7820df": "ffa37c8fc87d417", "ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431": "0"}
Majority (erigon, reth, geth) {"6a23b495c397abd2ae3dbcbcb685b0dde8201a017a43b2855ca4bfc72f7820df": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffa37c8fc87d417", "ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"}

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a, index 1028):

  • Difference: key ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431 differs
Client Value
besu {"6a23b495c397abd2ae3dbcbcb685b0dde8201a017a43b2855ca4bfc72f7820df": "ffa37c8fc87d417", "833e8a6ac5920f2827d5f3263f2ef0f1f9c1191f2f72ae2e3c18b4e8e9cf98b8": "f43fc2c04ee0000", "ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431": "0"}
Majority (erigon, reth, geth) {"6a23b495c397abd2ae3dbcbcb685b0dde8201a017a43b2855ca4bfc72f7820df": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffa37c8fc87d417", "833e8a6ac5920f2827d5f3263f2ef0f1f9c1191f2f72ae2e3c18b4e8e9cf98b8": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f43fc2c04ee0000", "ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"}

depth (1,582 occurrences)

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa, index 40621):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 2
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 1

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x8fc0a88209d79a978783a3ac07cc93ff0fc2649e4e09faa75127f697d8b00274, index 112):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 2
Majority (erigon, reth, geth, nethermind) 1

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0xedf8e4ea8875423f44e41d518671562fbdfc57ca32b5dffd047c35ff78b80344, index 13918):

  • Difference: values differ
Client Value
besu 4
Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth) 3

Top-Level gas Differences

besu reports different gas values at the top level:

  • Occurrences: 57

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa):

  • besu: 464116
  • Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth): 490996

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x3ca0e49a00a58f59250ac5908be6516d6a98fe4dc5f8647060c2b937afff2513):

  • besu: 43309
  • Majority (erigon, reth, geth, nethermind): 46109

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x7bf095066454135a52cec000f448944affa6f138aafa5d0704a1eefb7e3c9b05):

  • besu: 178151
  • Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth): 189351

… and 54 more

Top-Level returnValue Differences

besu formats returnValue differently:

  • Occurrences: 2

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x30f3ade72365691d12f1060528afceefdca23c35e8f4689b7e45704e1a3c9e98):

  • besu: ''
  • Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth): '0x08c379a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000164d696e2072657475726e206e6f74207265616368656400000000000000000000'

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0xb243519321267570bf16051695da7c426ea646aefa6a1a52a7e33e5c6a463908):

  • besu: ''
  • Majority (erigon, geth, reth, nethermind): '0x559895a3'

StructLog Count Mismatches

besu returned a different number of structLog entries 30 times.

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa):

  • besu: 41,064 entries
  • Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth): 41,063 entries
  • All clients: besu=41,064, erigon=41,063, geth=41,063, nethermind=41,063, reth=41,063

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x8fc0a88209d79a978783a3ac07cc93ff0fc2649e4e09faa75127f697d8b00274):

  • besu: 136 entries
  • Majority (erigon, reth, geth, nethermind): 135 entries
  • All clients: besu=136, erigon=135, geth=135, nethermind=135, reth=135

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0xedf8e4ea8875423f44e41d518671562fbdfc57ca32b5dffd047c35ff78b80344):

  • besu: 17,560 entries
  • Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth): 17,558 entries
  • All clients: besu=17,560, erigon=17,558, geth=17,558, nethermind=17,558, reth=17,558

Example 4 (block 24281427, tx 0xc707d1f60921bd50b3cda4fc17792b04a2f17eff1b75f9f6b318e223446ff712):

  • besu: 1,516 entries
  • Majority (erigon, reth, geth, nethermind): 1,510 entries
  • All clients: besu=1,516, erigon=1,510, geth=1,510, nethermind=1,510, reth=1,510

Example 5 (block 24281427, tx 0x09a72819ad114bcf47f5df13de81d2895947a46049d42671183ca675e33c3047):

  • besu: 14,275 entries
  • Majority (erigon, nethermind, reth, geth): 14,274 entries
  • All clients: besu=14,275, erigon=14,274, geth=14,274, nethermind=14,274, reth=14,274

… and 25 more occurrences

Format Quirks (Not Bugs)

These are formatting differences that don't affect trace correctness:

returnValue Encoding

How empty return values are represented. These are semantically equivalent.

Format Count
empty_as_empty 424
no_0x 74

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0xbe3839523703cc914573c2a304367bff26fd6d08738389fc8d2bf857cdf3391c):

Client Value
besu (empty)
erigon 0x
geth 0x
nethermind 0x
reth 0x

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Client Value
besu 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
erigon 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
geth 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
nethermind 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
reth 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa):

Client Value
besu 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
erigon 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
geth 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
nethermind 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
reth 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...

Memory Format

How memory words are formatted in structLogs.

Format Count
short_hex_with_0x 212

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Client Value
besu 0x0
erigon 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
geth 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
nethermind 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
reth 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa):

Client Value
besu 0x0
erigon 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
geth 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
nethermind 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
reth 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x3ca0e49a00a58f59250ac5908be6516d6a98fe4dc5f8647060c2b937afff2513):

Client Value
besu 0x0
erigon 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
geth 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
nethermind 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
reth 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Storage Format

How storage keys and values are formatted. Clients differ in zero-padding.

Aspect Style Count
Keys Compact (e.g., 0, 1) 39
Keys 64-char padded (e.g., 0000...0000) 160
Values Compact (e.g., 0x1, abc) 189
Values 64-char padded 10

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0x584b891391ad58c565ea1bc9933b2f9b098e34d693ac8d77c465ba951ac2373a):

Client Key Value
besu ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431 0
erigon ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
geth ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
reth ef7498a2a84dafd941a59743b477cd1cfda22d923c58854eac2728d8ec554431 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0x223536b6f7dd0dad73bcba405dfa2fde23888773d98e284086e650013b239bfa):

Client Key Value
besu 6d18c230d386c5b3168af2f8cee4ff8e42e8df554070485ae9d29e162b64ff96 963081
erigon 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 0000000000000000000000004914f61d25e5c567143774b76edbf4d5109a8566
geth 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 0000000000000000000000004914f61d25e5c567143774b76edbf4d5109a8566
reth 6d18c230d386c5b3168af2f8cee4ff8e42e8df554070485ae9d29e162b64ff96 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000963081

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x3ca0e49a00a58f59250ac5908be6516d6a98fe4dc5f8647060c2b937afff2513):

Client Key Value
besu 65e825459894c28caa3bf45c046bcb806478983a744f47c04782164e994daae2 11b333bba0493
erigon 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000c6cde7c39eb2f0f0095f41570af89efc2c1ea828
geth 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000c6cde7c39eb2f0f0095f41570af89efc2c1ea828
reth 65e825459894c28caa3bf45c046bcb806478983a744f47c04782164e994daae2 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011b333bba0493

Optional Fields

Fields this client includes that others may omit.

structLog_for_simple_transfer (288 occurrences)

Emits a structLog entry for simple ETH transfers (no EVM execution), while other clients emit 0 entries

Example 1 (block 24281427, tx 0xbe3839523703cc914573c2a304367bff26fd6d08738389fc8d2bf857cdf3391c):

Client Value
besu 1 structLog entries
erigon 0 structLog entries
geth 0 structLog entries
nethermind 0 structLog entries
reth 0 structLog entries

Example 2 (block 24281427, tx 0xd16650ad8ef9171a2afc07ccb5b945a140bae05d89cf7aeb6683aa37b15e8267):

Client Value
besu 1 structLog entries
erigon 0 structLog entries
geth 0 structLog entries
nethermind 0 structLog entries
reth 0 structLog entries

Example 3 (block 24281427, tx 0x6ee0323325ec89035d0d51b5fe8e61179906d1aa70776d387b3f65f917d3075d):

Client Value
besu 1 structLog entries
erigon 0 structLog entries
geth 0 structLog entries
nethermind 0 structLog entries
reth 0 structLog entries